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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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afghan.4
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Economy
Overview: Fundamentally, Afghanistan is an extremely poor,
landlocked country, highly dependent on farming (wheat especially)
and livestock raising (sheep and goats). Economic considerations,
however, have played second fiddle to political and military
upheavals, including the nine-year Soviet military occupation
(ended 15 February 1989) and the continuing bloody civil
war. Over the past decade, one-third of the population has
fled the country, with Pakistan sheltering some 3 million
refugees and Iran perhaps 2 million. Another 1 million have
probably moved into and around urban areas within Afghanistan.
Large numbers of bridges, buildings, and factories have
been destroyed or damaged by military action or sabotage.
Government claims to the contrary, gross domestic product
almost certainly is lower than 10 years ago because of the
loss of labor and capital and the disruption of trade and
transport. Official claims indicate that agriculture grew
by 0.7% and industry by 3.5% in 1988.
GDP: $3 billion, per capita $200; real growth rate 0% (1989 est.).
Inflation rate (consumer prices): over 50% (1989 est.).
Unemployment rate: NA%.
Budget: revenues NA; expenditures $646.7 million, including
capital expenditures of $370.2 million (FY87 est.).
Exports: $512 million (f.o.b., FY88); commodities--natural
gas 55%, fruits and nuts 24%, handwoven carpets, wool, cotton,
hides, and pelts; partners--mostly USSR and Eastern Europe.
Imports: $996 million (c.i.f., FY88); commodities--food
and petroleum products; partners--mostly USSR and Eastern
Europe.
External debt: $1.8 billion (December 1989 est.).
Industrial production: growth rate 6.2% (FY89 plan).
Electricity: 480,000 kW capacity; 1,470 million kWh produced,
100 kWh per capita (1989).
Industries: small-scale production of textiles, soap, furniture,
shoes, fertilizer, and cement; handwoven carpets; natural
gas, oil, coal, copper.
Agriculture: largely subsistence farming and nomadic animal
husbandry; cash products--wheat, fruits, nuts, karakul pelts,
wool, mutton.
Illicit drugs: an illicit producer of opium poppy and cannabis
for the international drug trade; world's second largest
opium producer (after Burma) and a major source of hashish.
Aid: US commitments, including Ex-Im (FY70-88), $265 million;
Western (non-US) countries, ODA and OOF bilateral commitments
(1970-87), $419 million; OPEC bilateral aid (1979-89), $57
million; Communist countries (1970-88), $4.1 billion.
Currency: afghani (plural--afghanis); 1 afghani (Af) = 100
puls.
Exchange rates: afghanis (Af) per US$1--50.6 (fixed rate
since 1982).
Fiscal year: 21 March-20 March.